财政农业支出对二元经济结构转化效果研究

根据1978—2006年的数据对我国财政支农支出与二元经济结构转化之间关系进行实证分析,结果表明,二者之间缺乏明显的因果关系。原因在于:我国财政支农制度安排还停留在农业支持工业、农村支持城市的模式下,服务于统筹城乡发展的财政体制建设滞后,以及地方政府在不完善的政绩考核制度下的理性行为等。要强化财政支农对二元经济结构转化的作用,应该尽快实现工业反哺农业,城市带动农村的发展战略,改革财政体制,优化地方政府政绩考核制度。     

THE IMPACT OF GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE ON GROWTH: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM A HETEROGENEOUS PANEL

This paper investigates the impact of government expenditure on growth, in a heterogeneous panel, for a sample of developing countries. Using generalized method of moments techniques, we show that countries with substantial government current expenditure have strong growth effects, which vary considerably across the nations.     

基于税收政策视角的高校融资模式研究

随着高等教育体制改革深入和高校扩招，资金短缺成为制约高校和谐健康发展的重要因素，如何解决高校发展过程中的资金瓶颈显得重要而且迫切。本文在分析高校经费来源现状的基础上，基于现行高校税收政策理论，正确分析当前高校资金来源和税收制度缺陷，认为改革现行税收政策，将有助于扩展高校融资渠道，缓解高校融资困境。     

A Model of Household Grocery Shopping Behavior

The shopping trip to the grocery store is one of the most basic elements of consumer behavior. The authors seek to provide an understanding of the factors that account for variations in shopping behavior across households. They present a model of shopping behavior that assumes that households seek to minimize the travel cost associated with shopping and the cost of holding goods in inventory. As in the classic EOQ model, observed shopping behavior reflects the manner in which households balance these costs while meeting their consumption needs. A number of propositions derived from the model are tested using data on shopping trips made by households over a one-year period. The results support the model and indicate that the relationship between household characteristics and shopping behavior can be fairly complex: for some households shopping may have a recreational aspect while for others it may compete directly with wage-earning activity.     

Balancing budget through tax increases or expenditure cuts: is it neutral?

Fiscal adjustment currently ranks at the top in the economic policy agenda of many OECD countries, and not only those European countries aiming to meet the Maastricht convergence criteria. Recently, Alesina and Perotti argued that successful cases of fiscal adjustment resulted from cutting expenditures, while those focusing on tax increases were unsuccessful. The paper, using a bivariate VECM representation for the joint government revenue–government expenditure dynamics for five of the main OECD countries, provides two contributions to this issue. First, it proposes and performs a neutrality test of the alternative adjustment strategies (through revenue or expenditures), second it characterizes the departure from neutrality in the three countries where the neutrality hypothesis is rejected. The conclusion, prevailing for these three countries, is that adjustment through taxes not only is inefficient, but even results in a perverse effect with induced extra expenditures which more than offset the increase in government revenue.     

内蒙古财政支出结构的分析及其对经济增长影响的研究

对财政支出结构的研究是当前我国的一个热门课题,它既可以帮助财政支出目标的实现,又可以考察财政支出结构是否促进经济增长。文章首先对财政支出的相关指标测算内蒙古财政支出的规模,其次根据财政支出职能划分内蒙古财政支出结构进行分析,然后应用回归模型分析内蒙古财政支出结构对经济增长的影响,最后根据以上分析的结论,提出优化内蒙古财政支出结构的相关建议。     

中国国防支出的就业效应分析

本文研究了1978-2007年间中国国防支出对就业水平的影响,结果表明：（1）中国国防支出与就业水平之间存在长期的均衡关系;（2）长期来看,国防支出与就业水平之间存在双向格兰杰因果关系;（3）不论在长期还是在短期,中国的国防支出对就业水平都没有促进作用,可能的原因是我国国防支出的增加主要用于引进先进的军事技术、装备以及提高军人福利待遇上,从而对就业的影响很小。因此,我国国防支出应适当向军事领域的人力资本投入和军事科研经费投入上倾斜,这样可以加速国外先进技术和装备的本土化进程,进而加快军用技术的民用化,减少国防支出的＂挤出＂效应,从而实现国防开支与就业的良性循环。     

HOW CAN PUBLIC SPENDING HELP YOU GROW? AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Although many studies indicate that both the level and composition of public spending are significant for economic growth, the results in the empirical literature are mixed. This paper suggests that the country sample selection and expenditure classification are important in explaining these conflicting results. The empirical analysis shows that the link between growth and public spending, especially its core component, is strong only for countries with macroeconomic stability and fast GDP per capita growth dynamics, which are also capable of using public funds for productive purposes.     

Exploring the impact of R&D and climate change on agricultural productivity growth: the case of Western Australia*

This article empirically examines the impact of R&D and climate change on the Western Australian Agricultural sector using standard time series econometrics. Based on historical data for the period of 1977–2005, the empirical results show that both R&D and climate change matter for long‐run productivity growth. The long‐run elasticity of total factor productivity (TFP) with respect to R&D expenditure is 0.497, while that of climate change is 0.506. There is a unidirectional causality running from R&D expenditure to TFP growth in both the short run and long run. Further, the variance decomposition and impulse response function confirm that a significant portion of output and productivity growth beyond the sample period is explained by R&D expenditure. These results justify the increase in R&D investment in the deteriorating climatic condition in the agricultural sector to improve the long‐run prospects of productivity growth.